A Brief View Of Men’s Clothing – The Morning Coat

April 27, 2016June 10, 2020 / Adam Lid / 2 Comments

During the 1880s and on into the the early 20th Century, the morning coat increasingly supplanted the frock coat as the standard for men’s formal daywear. The morning coat (or cutaway) evolved out of the earlier dress coat (aka tail coat) and frock coat styles and was a single-breasted coat characterized by having a cutaway front with the front edges of the coat sloping away towards the rear:

Morning coats got their name from being worn in “the morning” (which in reality could extend into the early afternoon) for men conducting business and making formal calls- this was considered the proper dress for presenting oneself to the world (although as previously noted in a previous post, the sack suit could also fulfill this function). Also, according to some sources, the morning suit was envisioned as being a proper outfit for a gentleman taking their morning horseback ride but we somewhat question the assertion- I leave that up to you to decide. 🙂

Morning Suit, c. 1900

As with frock coats, morning coats came in a variety of materials and weights either as separates or as part of a three-piece suit with matching trousers and waistcoat (aka vest) and below are a few examples:

Morning Coat Ensemble, British, c. 1890 – 1900; Metropolitan Museum of Art (1983.423a, b)

Rear View

The matching vest.

Morning Suit, British, c. 1894; Metropolitan Museum of Art (2009.300.548a–c)

Rear View

As seen in the two above examples, the morning coat/suit did not just come in dark, somber grays and blacks but could also be found in various lighter colored plaids. Morning suits also came in darker colors, principally black and various shades of gray:

Morning Suit, 1885; Philadelphia Museum of Art (1933-13-1a–c)

Morning Suit, c. 1880s; Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.2010.33.15a-b)

Morning Suit, c. 1875; The FIne Arts Museums of San Francisco (1985.40.34a-d)

Morning Suit, c. 1880s

As can readily be seen from the above, black was a popular color and often various details such as taped edges, cuff details, and contrasting fabrics (principally black silk on the lapels) were used to add some variety to what would otherwise be a monotonous expanse of black. Finally, note that the coat front could have a variable amount of buttons, usually ranging from two to five, and the coat could be worn buttons or unbuttoned. Interestingly enough, morning coats made today typically have less buttons and are meant to be worn up. Often times, the morning was worn buttoned only at the top, a popular convention for wearing coats during the late 19th Century:

Morning Suit, c. 1880s; Los Encinos State Park

Here are a few more pictures of morning coats/suits being worn:

The above is just a sampling of what was out there but we do believe that it gives a pretty good idea of how they were worn. Although they were typically worn with top hats, that was not always the case and sometimes one can see derby or homburg hats being worn. In contrast to the earlier frock coat style of the 1840s – 1860s, the morning coat tended to have a more narrow, fitted silhouette and was not meant to be worn loose- this is especially evident when one examines the shoulder and back seams on extant garments.

Unfortunately, time has not been kind to the morning suit- for the most part, it lives on today as ill-fitting garments usually worn at weddings (and perhaps at a few speciality formal occasions). As with fashion in general, men’s fashion has become dominated by more informal styles of dress and the morning suit has become a casualty. However, from a recreationist perspective, it is very much alive and a well-tailored morning coat is a truly treat to behold. 🙂

We hope you’ve enjoyed this brief glimpse at what is often an overlooked staple of 19th and 20th Century men’s wear and stay tuned for more in the near future.

More Frock Coats…

April 26, 2016June 10, 2020 / Adam Lid / Leave a comment

The frock coat were one of the most commonly worn items of men’s daywear in the Western World during the 19th Century. Even in locations as vastly separated as Great Britain and New Zealand (or Russia and the United States, for that matter), the frock coat reigned supreme and even after it began to be supplanted by the morning coat and the sack suit, it still maintained a strong position in men’s wardrobing.

As we noted in a previous post, the frock coat started out as a longer, full garment that somewhat resembled a great coat. As the 19th Century progressed, the frock coat gradually evolved to a shorter, more tailored garment:

Frock Coat, c. 1820 – 1830; Victoria & Albert Museum (T.294-1910)

Frock Coat, c. 1876; Kent State University Museum (1983.1.2392)

Frock Coat, c. 1870s; Metropolitan Museum of Art

Frock Coat, American, c. 1870s; Kansas State University Museum (1984.21.1 ab)

Frock Coat, c. 1880 – 1890; McCord Museum (M973.49.7)

So, just for fun, how does this translate when it comes to film and TV and especially with that Gunfight at the OK Corral? 🙂 Well, let’s start with the iconic movie Tombstone:

Well, all said and done, not as bad as as one would think…except for Wyatt Earp. So what’s Wyatt wearing? Well, the best we can figure out is that it’s an elongated frock coat or a black-colored duster, your choice (I lean towards elongated frock coat myself 🙂 ).

Here’s one from Tombstone’s major competitor, Wyatt Earp:

Interesting, we see at least two in frock coats (it’s hard to make out what the second guy on the left is wearing) although Doc Holliday’s coat seems to border on being a light great coat.

And now we go back a little to Hour of the Gun:

Again, not too bad…in this movie, only Doc Holiday is wearing a frock coat. Finally, here’s one from Gunfight at the OK Corral:

And in this one, nobody is wearing a frock coat. 🙂

Now, let’s look at some Spaghetti Westerns… first we have A Fistfull of Dollars: 🙂

And the classic The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly:

And finally, there’s Quigley Down Under:

From the small sampling above, we would be inclined to believe that the frock coat is alive and well in the movies. 🙂 What’s also interesting is that often in Westerns in film and TV, the villain is often well-dressed and the frock coat is perfect for this.

For the recreationist, reproduction frock coats are available from a variety of sources at all sorts of prices. The cheaper ones are often simply patterned off of a modern men’s suit coat that’s been lengthened. The better ones are based off period patterns with the proper sleeve and shoulder styles. Also, the frock coat was a tailored garment with padded shoulders and chest that were constructed so that the coat keeps it shape even when taken off; a proper frock coat’s construction should reflect this.

We hope you’ve enjoyed this little side-trip and be on the lookout for more posts on men’s clothing in the future. 🙂

A Brief View Of Men’s Clothing- The Frock Coat

April 25, 2016June 10, 2020 / Adam Lid / 2 Comments

In a previous post, we gave an overview of the sack coat and sack suit during the late 19th Century from 1870 through 1900. While the sack suit was probably one of the most commonly worn outfit for men, there were other styles that bear mention, principly the frock and morning coats.

The frock coat got its start in the early 19th Century as an informal alternative to the dress coat (also referred to as the tailcoat or claw-hammer coat) and as such, was a coat with full skirts that extended to the knee and had a distinct waist seam that gave it a tailored appearance. In contrast to dress coats, the skirts on the frock coat was constructed of distinct upper and lower pieces rather than being cut as one piece.

In the examples below, the difference between the types of coats is readily apparent and especially in the skirt:

Note the distinct, fuller skirt pieces on the frock coat. Also, frock coats could be single or double-breasted:

Frock coats were primarily made from wool although other materials such as linen were also used. In terms of color, frocks coats came in a variety of colors with darker colors predominating. Also, frock coats were made in both single and double-breasted styles; the double-breasted style was considered to be more formal than the single-breasted version. Finally, the frock coat could be worn open or closed.

Here’s an example of a frock coat made from linen:

Frock Coat, c. 1860 – 1870; Augusta Auctions

Below is an early version of the frock coat. As the 19th Century progressed, the skirts gradually became less exaggerated:

Man's_silk_and_wool_twill_frock_coat_c._1820

Frock Coat, French c. 1816 – 1820, constructed of wool/silk twill; Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.2010.33.7).

And now some from the 1870s:

From Gazette of Fashion, and Cutting-room Companion, 1870

Frock Coat, American, c. 1870s; Kansas State University Museum (1984.21.1 ab)

And the 1880s:

Frock Coat, c. 1880 – 1890; McCord Museum (M973.49.7)

And finally, the 1890s:

Frock Coat, c. 1890; Victoria Albert Museum T.624-1996)

As a general rule, frock coats became shorter and more tailored with a slimmer silhouette and were often worn with a pair of lighter-colored trousers as shown in some of the pictures above. Also, it’s interesting to note that during the 1880s and 90s, we increasingly see frock coats being worn open with wide lapels.

For people desiring to recreate period fashions of the late 19th Century, the frock coat offers one possibility for those desiring a more formal, conservative look. However, it must be noted that the frock coat is more representative of the period prior to the 1870s and as such, it was being supplanted by the morning coat for formal wear. In a future installment, we will be covering the morning coat so stay tuned! 🙂

(To Be Continued)